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Definition of ABO blood group system
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Definition of ABO blood group system

The same principle is used to define the blood group in every system: to provide conditions for the agglutination of erythrocytes in the medium of standard isohemagglutinating serums or coliclones, which have high titre of antibodies for the examined erythrocytes antigens.

Standard serum is a prepared blood plasma of donors with different blood groups, without fibrinogen and has high concentration of antibodies for one or several antigens of one blood group.

There are 4 groups of serums in ABO system. The serum of group I has agglutinins ? and ? (colorless); group II – agglutinins ? (light blue color); group III – agglutinins ? (pink color); IV group – does not have agglutinins (yellow color).

Coliclones is a powder, which includes specific immunoglobulins (antibodies) that work against group antigens. These antibodies are formed by monoclonal B-lymphocytes in mouse after injecting in its organism antigens in the form of malignant specific cells.

Coliclones have antibodies with only one peculiarity. That means, they react with only one antigen i. e. they do not lead to non-specific polyagglutination of erythrocytes. This property makes them more preferable than standard serums. It is hard to clear standard serums from other antibodies and that is why non-specific reactions with antigen of the examined blood are possible.

There are 2 coliclones in ABO blood system: anti-A and anti-B.

Serums (or coliclones) are mixed on the board with blood in correlation 10:1. Observer is looking after reaction for 2,5 minutes. Drops of serum with agglutination will become transparent and erythrocytes gather in masses.

According to agglutination test the blood group is defined

     serum

blood

І

(??)

 ІІ   

(?)

 ІІІ  

(?)

ІV

(-)    

 

І (0)

  –

  –

  –

  –

ІІ ( А)

  +

  –

  +

  –

ІІІ ( В)

  +

  +

  –

  –

ІV( АВ)

  +

  +

  +

  –



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