1. Cortico-spinal (or cortico-nuclear) pathway decussates in: a) cerebral cortex; b) brainstem; c) capsula interna; d) corona radiate; e) all above mentioned
2. Clinical manifestation of diseases of the spinomuscular level includes in: a) hypotonic and atrophy of involved muscles, b) muscles stretch reflexes are exaggerated, hypertonic; c) all above mentioned
3. Stimulation of pyramidal cortex may causes: a) Jacksonian convulsive seizures; b) fibrillation; c) hypertrophy; d) all above mentioned
4. Paralysis is: a) absence of strength; b) contraction of single muscle fibers; c) excessive movement; d) Jacksonian convulsive seizures
5. Hemiplegia is: a) the paralysis of one extremity; b) the paralysis of four extremities; c) the paralysis of half of the body; d) the paralysis of three extremities
6. Spinomuscular level has got the motor nuclei in: a) cerebral cortex; b) anterior horns; c) capsula interna; d) corona radiate; e) brainstem
7. Monoplegia is: a) the paralysis of one extremity; b) the paralysis of four extremities; c) the paralysis of half of the body; d) the paralysis of three extremities
8. Clinical manifestation of diseases of the corticomuscular level includes in: a) hypotonic and atrophy of involved muscles, b) muscles stretch reflexes are exaggerated, hypertonic; c) all above mentioned
9. Spasticity is: a) an elastic, springlike resistance to stretching at the beginning of movement; b) loss of muscle tone; c) contraction limited to a single muscle fiber or to a group of fibers; d) seizures
10. A25-years-old woman had a clonic convulsion attack in the right leg, which extended on the right hand and right facial muscles. It continued for 3 minutes. Point the syndrome.
11. A42-years-old patient complains of weakness in his right hand. During the examination right hand muscles atony and atrophy, diminution of strength were detected. It is registered fibrillation in damaged muscles. Deep tendon reflexes (biceps, triceps, carporadial are absent to the right. Point the lesion locus. How to examine deep tendon reflexes?
12. A72-years-old female complains of weakness in her left hand and left leg. One year ago she was treated for brain stroke in right arteria mesencephalica. On neurological assessment photoreactions impaired, nasolabial fold is smoothed on the left. There is tongue deviation at the left extremities. Hypertonia at the left extremities is present. Clasp-knife type of resistance and diminution of strength is detected there. Where is locus of lesion? How to examine muscle strength?