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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION

Blood is used to transport substances and together with lymph and intercellular fluid belongs to the internal medium of the organism. With the help of well regulated constant content and properties of it, the internal medium provides comparably independent existent of the organism in conditions of the environment. Compounds of internal medium have common and differential physical and chemical properties. They can affect each other, and their state depends on activities of various systems of the organism.

System of the blood is the variety of executive organs (blood, which is circulated and stored; organs of blood formation and blood degradation) and mechanisms of regulation (nervous and humoral), activity of which is directed on keeping the adequate changes of blood compounds to provide adaptive reactions.

Blood participates in transport of substances, helps the excretion of metabolic products, it provides protection from antigens and non-protein factors, affects the regulation of different functions of the organism.

Chapter “Physiology of the blood” is important in preparing the medical doctor of any specialty, because the state of internal medium describes all processes in organism, which characterize homeostasis, homeokinesis and adaptive reactions when changes in internal medium and co-operation of the organism with the environment.

Teach chapter “Physiology of the blood” is necessary for learning the next chapters of physiology and other subjects, for example pathological physiology and all clinical medically-specified subjects.

Objectives:

To know the definition of blood system, mechanisms of its regulation based on analysis of homeostasis parameters: blood volumes, acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, quantity and quality content of blood plasma and formed elements of the blood.

To know physiological laws of functions of blood system: respiratory, transport and protection.

To know physiological laws of functions of keeping the liquid consistency of the blood and development of hemostasis when damage of blood vessels.

To make conclusions about the state of physiological functions of the organism, which perform with the help of the blood system, based on quality and quantity showings: hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leucocytes, thrombocytes, leukogram, color index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), time of erythrocytes coagulation, duration of bleeding.

To analyze maturing changes of blood consistence, function and mechanisms of regulation.

To explain the physiological basis of examination methods of functions of  the blood system: quantity of formed blood cells, hemoglobin, ESR, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, duration of bleeding, time of blood clotting, definition of blood group in ABO and CDE.



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