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Miscellaneous disturbances of autonomic function
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Miscellaneous disturbances of autonomic function

Allergic Disturbances. The predominant autonomic manifestations of allergy are vasodilation and exudation. There is exudation in cutaneous manifestations, such as urticaria, eczema, and angioneurotic edema. There is vasodilatation in hay fever and allergic rhinitis, with hypersecretion of the mucous membranes and lacrimal glands. There is spasm of the bronchial musculature in asthma with vasodilatation and mucosal exudation.

Trophic Disorders. The trophic disturbances are affected the bones, joints, and muscles. They are usually associated with lesions of the motor or sensory nerves or both. Trophic changes involving the bones and joints. There is first an osteoporosis accompanied by an abnormal brittleness of the bones that may lead to spontaneous fractures, but the most characteristic changes are those in the joints. There are secretory disturbances of the synovia with swelling of the joints, destruction of joint surfaces and ligaments, atrophy of cartilage or bone, and often painless intraarticular fractures and dislocations. There is atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and bones. There may be alopecia and scleroderma in the atrophic areas.



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