Neurology:General Neurology - O.I. Kolenko

CONTENTS

PREFACE

1 CHAPTER I SHORT HISTORY REVIEW OF NEUROLOGY. MAIN FOUNDATIONS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF NERVOUS SYSTEM.

SOME SIGNIFICANT DATES ABOUT NEUROLOGY

2 CHAPTER II THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF  MOTOR FUNCTION 2.1 Main Principles of Structure and Functioning of Nervous System. Neuron – the Functional Unit of Nervous System. Reflexes.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Spinal Сord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The Reflexes

TEST QUESTIONS

2.2 Basic Motor Pathway. Examination of Motor Functions. Lesions of Pyramidal Tract at Multiple Levels

Pyramidal System. Lesions of Basic Motor Pathway at Multiple Levels

The Examination of Motor Functions

Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract Responses

Associated Movements (Pathologic Synkinesis)

TESTS QUESTIONS

2.3 The Subcortical Structures Extrapyramidal System (anatomy, functioning and disorders)

Clinical Features of Extrapyramidal Disease

Cardinal Manifestations

Accompanying Manifestations

Clinical Features of the Hyperkinesia-Hypotonia Syndrome.Athetosis

Chorea

Blepharospasm

Cervical dystonia

Torsion dystonia

Tics

Complex tics

Hemiballism (Ballism)

Myoclonus

TEST QUESTIONS

2.4 Cerebellum. Conduction Pathways. Signs of Lesions

Neural Pathways

Main Signs of Cerebellar Disorders

Macrographia.

TESTS QUESTIONS

3 CHAPTER III SENSATION AND ITS DISORDERS. (Anatomy of Sensory Pathways. Syndromes of Sensory System Lesion on Different Levels)

Sensory Disorders

Types of the sensory disorders.

Syndromes of Lesion of Sensory System on Different Levels Peripheral Nerve Lesions

TEST QUESTIONS

4 CHAPTER IV SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES

Spinal Cord Transection Syndromes

Signs of the Spinal Cord Lesion

TEST QUESTIONS

5 CHAPTER V SHORT REVIEW OF CRANIAL NERVES.SIGNS OF LESIONS

Cochlear nerve

TEST QUESTIONS

6 CHAPTER VI CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE BRAINSTEM. SIGNS OF LESIONS. BULBAR AND PSEUDOBULBAR PALSY. THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF BRAINSTEM LESIONS

Eyelid retraction

Voluntary and Reflex Innervation of the Eye Muscles

TEST QUESTIONS

7 CHAPTER VII AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION. SIGNS OF LESION

Central Regulation of Autonomic Function

The Hypothalamus

The Cortex

The Midbrain and Brain Stem

Examination of Patients History

Pharmacologic Tests

Disorders of central autonomic regulation

Miscellaneous disturbances of autonomic function

TEST QUESTIONS

8 CHAPTER VIII CEREBRAL CORTEX. AFFECTION AND IRRITATIVE SIGNS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. MENINGEAL SYNDROME.

Lesions of the Frontal Lobe

Lesions of Parietal Lobe

Lesions of the Temporal Lobes

Lesions of the Occipital Lobe

Lesions of the Limbic Lobe

Higher Cortical Functions Disorders

TEST QUESTIONS

9 CHAPTER IX METHODS OF INVESTIGATIONS IN NEUROLOGY

Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders

TEST QUESTIONS

REFERENSES